InFocus Film School Blog

Interested in set design? Keep reading to find out what job roles and departments are integral to art direction on set. 

By: Sophia Lin

Ever considered how the background in a movie comes together? Where do the props come from? Or what a setting says about a character? Chances are, like most viewers, you were probably been immersed in the story. Our eyes take such elements for granted within the world built by the film. The world that appears on our screens takes careful, methodical, and purposeful work — and huge teams of people with various specializations.

 

As you may have heard before, terms like production design and art direction often float around. But the process isn’t quite so simple. In fact, there are at least 7 departments and anywhere from dozens to hundreds of job positions relating to art direction — some of which are broken down even further into smaller sub-departments. These include the set designer, prop master, set decorator, and construction crew, to name a few. There’s often cross-department collaboration too, commonly with the costume or makeup departments, to create an overarching visual appearance of the film.

Without further ado, below are 7 of the key job roles and departments within art direction, involved in every step from fashioning storyboards to carpentering sets.

1. Production Designer

First and foremost, the production designer is the head of the art department. They lead the visual creation of the director’s vision. Though they work with other job roles, such as the director and the producer, they closely collaborate with the art director.

 

Often, production designers deliver sketches detailing atmosphere, colour, and texture. They then oversee the work of the construction and sets departments under them. Production designers come in at the early stages of pre-production to immerse themselves with the film, so as to best design visuals to serve the story.

2. Art Director

The art director is a highly multifaceted role. Though primarily responsible for overseeing the designers and artists behind the film’s visuals, they also analyze the script to determine the props and sets needed. Typically, this involves quick creative solutions, especially on the front of set construction.

 

A good deal of art direction calls for coordination with other sub-departments as well, most notably with the director of photography. In fact, some bigger studio films even prefer to employ multiple art directors, due to the breadth of the job. 

3. Set Designer & Set Decorator

A set designer, also called a draughtsman, creates technical drawings of sets. These sketches become instructions for the construction crew. These days, physical and computer models get the job done, needing key specifications like the precise measurements and construction materials needed.

 

On a slightly different note, set decorators decide the furniture and decorations that will be used on set. This requires a thorough knowledge of both the story and the characters’ internal and external motives. Anything from the colour of a picture frame to the style of a sofa is all there to elevate the plot.

4. Property Master

The property or prop master heads the prop department, a team of prop makers and prop runners. Props can either be custom-made, found, or altered, and the property master is in charge of making these decisions. Furthermore, the coordination and tracking of all prop-related details and maintenance fall into their hands too.

 

Detailed research can be another one of the daily duties of a property master. Along with the preparation of props, property masters ensure the authenticity of each and every prop, which is especially important in period films and biopics.

5. Concept, Storyboard, and Graphic Job Roles

Each of these artists plays a highly specialized role, and these all eventually come together in the overall art direction. To begin, concept artists focus on a highly specific set-piece. For example, the design of a creature or a spaceship, then creating computer-generated visuals to illustrate their vision.

 

The work of storyboard artists, however, is broader. They produce drawings of each individual shot as envisioned by the director. Storyboards include the proper camera angles, movements, and sequence of events within each scene. On the other hand, graphic artists create work made up of purely physical, graphic elements. They make any props requiring design or text, such as posters, newspapers, logos, and the like.

6. Carpenter & Construction Crew

This is one of the most crucial departments, responsible for the actual making and painting of the sets and props. In essence, the construction crew brings ideas and concepts to life. This includes not only what we know and see on-screen, but also off-screen support structures and platforms.

 

The head carpenter leads the crew, supervising carpenters, scenic artists, painters, plasterers, and sculptors. Though their focus is on woodwork, the construction crew can have technical and creative input when it comes to the details of the art direction.

 

Within the construction crew, the paint department would be responsible for wall painting, ageing, vinyl, graffiti and more visual details on set.

7. Production Buyer

On the more logistical side, production buyers coordinate the purchases or rentals of all set dressings and decorations. With the shooting schedule in mind, the production buyer ensures that these items, sometimes including props, are delivered and ready for each scene.

 

They take charge of any and all financial considerations related to set dressing, typically with several assistants working under them. This means that they have a close understanding of the production budget, making pivotal decisions to ensure that operations stay on budget.

 

Art direction is an integral part of filmmaking that we often do not see. From picking important details of a scene to building props with your own two hands or going on a hunt to find the most accurate prop, there is a job for everyone.  If you are creative, hardworking, and imaginative, the many job roles in art direction could be a great fit!

 

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Looking to break into the film industry? Here are five benefits of film production training.

By: Sophia Lin

As they say, the hardest part about getting started… is getting started. While it this may be true, it doesn’t necessarily have to be the case. As a beginner in the field, there are some critical steps you can take to give you a running start. Continue reading and set yourself on the path of success.

That’s exactly what we’re here to get to the bottom of. What are those steps? How should you approach them? What should you be focusing on? These questions, and many more, form the basis of the list below. All the way from choosing film production training courses to getting acquainted with the job market, this list will cover all the bases when it comes to taking your first step in the field of film production.

1. Paths in the Industry

Before you even dip your toe into the industry, your first step should be to know your options. In this case, it would entail researching and getting to know all the different, diverse paths in the film industry. Don’t forget that researching extends to initiating informational interviews, attending Q&As, and the like. Consider each of your possible directions. Additionally, assess these paths in terms of your interests, strengths, weaknesses, and your level of experience as well.

 

As someone new to film production training, chances are there are some niche positions in film that you may not have been aware of. This is your chance to search them all out. The more thoroughly you conduct your research, the more well-informed your career decisions will be. Start with the more prominent roles like directors and producers, then work your way towards the lesser-known elements of the production team, like the editors, production designers, and music supervisors.

 

2. The Job Market

It certainly doesn’t end there. The next component of your initial research should involve the job market. This should include current job opportunities, future outlook, and even past changes. Additionally, be sure to look at the various ways of entering the industry. Each of the many possible paths have slightly dissimilar structures when it comes to getting hired. While those working as producers may need to apply to a production company, those working as directors may have to tackle the film festival circuit. Not to mention, most positions will have differing requirements when it comes to the level of film production training required.

 

At the moment, a significant consideration is the rise of streaming services. In both the film and TV world, this has caused jobs to multiply — and spawned countless new positions as well. Increased demand for content has undoubtedly changed the landscape, with the industry continually welcoming more diverse stories and perspectives. The advancement of technology and the unprecedented accessibility to filmmaking are also key factors impacting the job market today.

 

3. Courses & Film Production Training

One tried and true move known to pay dividends is taking courses and obtaining formal film production training. Most often, this is done at a film school, where students can be surrounded by industry-experienced professors and top-of-the-line filmmaking resources. For those looking to jump right into the industry, film school doesn’t have to be the hefty commitment it appears to be. In fact, there is a wide range of programs that are able to cover all you’ll need to know. You will learn technical, creative, and analytical skills needed to excel in the film industry in just one year.

 

Similarly, other short online courses or week-long boot camps can also be fantastic options. Aside from the benefits of high-quality film education, courses and training can equip you with soft skills as well. These can take years to develop and feel out on your own, including assets like effective leadership, productive collaboration, and clear communication. Often, it is these skills, not the technical know-how, that will make or break a career in film.

 

4. Gear & Equipment

Getting your hands on the right cameras and gear may seem somewhat self-evident. The reality, however, isn’t necessarily so easy. To begin, it is integral to note what the industry standard is for your field. For instance, when it comes to cameras, ARRI, RED, and Panavision are some of the main ones — be aware that there often only isn’t just one standard brand.

 

For beginners in the field, however, professional gear is almost always too expensive. The key here is to instead focus on mastering the craft of filmmaking. Student films are typically made on a small budget, so learning to make the most out of what you have is the best way to go. These days, a good starting point would be phones — which now boast quality cameras — and a cheaper lighting set-up. The exception would be if you were enrolled in film school or film production training courses; this would automatically give you easy access to a host of professional equipment.

 

5. Professional Networking

Finally, no list could be complete without mentioning the element at the centre of the film industry, networking. Job opportunities often travel through word of mouth and every film project being a team effort. Thus, the necessity of an expansive professional network is a no-brainer. Luckily, there are tons of places to start! Volunteering on sets, helping out at local film festivals, and attending filmmaking events require little to no experience, which make it perfect for those starting out to meet new people.

 

Beyond that, the options are plentiful as well. Enrolling in film school, for example, would immediately situate you within a community of like-minded, hard-working filmmakers. Similarly, joining online forums and social media groups is a great idea. Local forums and groups gets your name out there and puts you right in the film scene. Ultimately, the goal here is to meet future collaborators and find interesting projects and positions to sign onto. As your network grows, so will your filmmaking experience and skill.

 

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You’ve finished film school… now you’re wondering what’s next? Here are six ways to make money in film after school.

By Kennedy Randall

Though the next chapter of your life may be nerve-racking, it is also an incredibly exciting time to be a filmmaker! The film industry is growing alongside society’s need for content, meaning there are more opportunities for filmmakers. There are many different career paths or side hustles that will bring in the income after film school. From traditional positions in the film industry, freelance filmmaking, social media, and more, you can make money in film or as a filmmaker in many different ways. 

1. Make Money in Film by Finding a Job on a Set

 

The traditional film industry is what likely most of your training in film school revolved around. Whether you want to be a director or behind the camera or even a lighting expert, there are many different paths you could take on set.

 

Reflect on your time at film school. What skills did you develop the most? Were you stronger on set or in post production? Interest in audio? Think about what roles you enjoyed the most at school and which you want to focus on post-graduation. 

 

Because of streaming services like Netflix, Apple TV, Amazon Prime, and more, the need for content is on the rise. More productions = more jobs = people make more money in film. More skills and interests means more opportunities. 

 

In your community and online, there are many ways to find a job on set. Your peers at film school are a great built-in network. Not only could they mention opportunities they hear of, but you could gain experience working on a friend’s film set. Your teachers may also get wind of a production coming to your city and tell their students about the opportunity. 

 

Online, join local Facebook groups based around film. Some of these groups are for networking but often people post job opportunities. As well, Craigslist is a common place for indie filmmakers to post call-outs. Some jobs will pay more than others, but it will give you the experience needed to make money in film and land bigger gigs in the future. 

2. Create Content for Social Media

 

Businesses in this digital age are always on the lookout for video editors, content creators, and other film-based positions that can help them engage clients. The content could be anything from posts for social media, advertisement videos, articles, and more. Having experience behind the lens is very advantageous for creating engaging visual content. Editing skills are also very valuable.

 

Using your demo reel from film school, choose your best shots, spruce it up a bit to attract clients. Don’t be afraid to cold call or email businesses in your area. Offer your skills, a bit about you and how you would create good personalized content. This career can be quite lucrative if you work hard. You could always offer an influencer or a small business your services for cheap, or even pro-bono to start building up your portfolio before taking on bigger clients. 

3. Become a Freelancer

 

If you aren’t ready to choose a permanent gig, you could always try to become a freelancer. Freelancers can specialize in anything from videography to sound. They hire themselves out to production companies or businesses at a daily rate. 

 

Using your skills from film school, build a portfolio you can showcase to potential clients. Ensure that both the videography and the editing is seamless in your portfolio to show that the clients will only need to hire one person for the job. Being a jack of all trades in the freelance game will give you an edge on the competition. 

 

You will also have to secure your own equipment and software, which can be expensive. Creating a plan outlining your spending and potential return before you take the plunge is very important. 

 

Though, as a pro-tip, some freelance videographers will take a day-job at film rental studios. This oftentimes allows them to rent the necessary gear at a discounted rate. 

 

Being a freelancer can offer you so much freedom and flexibility. With potentially a new location every day, filled with new people, your job will always be fresh and new. This is also a great way to network and meet other film professionals, which one day may lead to another film industry job.

4. Submit to Film Festivals and Streaming Services

 

After 12 months at film school, you leave with 12 films. This means you have twelve films that could be pitched to producers. Pick the project you are most proud of and start submitting it to festivals. If you feel like there’s still more you can add, feel free to edit it, shoot more scenes, and polish it to get it big-screen ready. 

 

A good tip would be to enter as many film festivals as possible, both before and after school. This will get your name and your film out there. As well, network with your teachers. They could one day recommend your work to a producer or distributor that could pick up your film.

 

If you have an idea for a unique film festival, gather a couple friends and start your own! You can include your own film and other films that complement its narrative. In your community you can also host local screenings as well as virtual screenings with Q&A periods. The more people that see your film, your chances of making money in film increase.

 

Finally, you can submit your film to streaming services. The ins and outs of getting your film distributed is sometimes confusing, but many streaming services allow you to submit your film for free (including Amazon!). There are also some indie short-film streaming sites like SOFY, which you can submit for free and earn revenue if your film is streamed. Not only do opportunities like this increase visibility for your work, but if your film makes an impression, you could find your financier for your next project! 

5. Work On Commercials

 

Though working on commercials may not fulfill your professional filmmaker dream, it may be a stepping stone to get you there. Gaining practical experience, whether it be shooting, editing, lighting etc, is always helpful for your career.

 

It may not be the blockbuster feature film you wanted to shoot, but gaining experience behind the camera is always valuable. By working with other professionals in your field, you will be able to learn technical and creative skills from them. Constantly learning, practicing and improving will help your filmmaking career tenfold while ensuring you have income. 

 

Many successful filmmakers like David Fincher, Michael Bay, and entire animation studios like Pixar spent their early years making commercials. Many famous filmmakers like Sofia Coppola, Martin Scorsese, and Wes Anderson continue to make cinematic commercials. Read more about the pros of doing commercials here. 

 

6. Make Your Own Film and Market It For Sale

 

Paranormal Activity (2009) has a success story that will forever inspire young filmmakers. Made on a budget of only $15,000 by first time director Oren Peli, the film was bought by Paramount Pictures. The first Paranormal Activity ended up grossing around $195 million dollars worldwide. It was followed by five sequels and a multi-million dollar franchise.

 

Though this is a rare occurrence, The Blair Witch Project is another low-budget independent film that brought in millions of dollars. Writing and producing your own is not only a good experience but it could pay off! 

 

Decide on a budget that you could feasibly create a short or feature length film with. Brainstorm some resources that you already have at your disposal. For example, don’t waste money on renting a location. Consider using your house, your old school, or any outdoor spaces near you.

 

Find friends that would be interested in the idea. If you found a co-director, you could split the production costs. As well, many filmmakers starting out offer their services for free in exchange for experience.

 

After submitting your independent film to festivals, you can try submitting it to streaming services. As well, best case scenario, you could pitch your idea and show your film to producers or distributors. Continually be reaching out, cold-calling, emailing and networking within your community to find these meetings and make money in film. A successful pitch may lead to it getting a higher budget for you to reshoot and extend. Eventually, you could get your self-made film into theatres or supported by Netflix!

Having side hustles is always important when you are starting your career. You can choose one of these paths to focus on or try doing multiple at once. Work hard, stay determined, and you can make it big! These six opportunities are ways you can ensure that you will make money in film while achieving your dreams. 

 

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Do you want to become a freelance graphic designer? Here is how to jump start a successful freelance career.

By Kennedy Randall 

 

Becoming your own boss in the graphic design game can be nerve racking. Yet, freelancing gives you the freedom to attract the kinds of jobs or projects you care about on your own schedule. All your hard work is devoted to yourself and your own business, which makes freelancing a very fulfilling career path. If you are wondering how you can be a freelance graphic designer, here are six tips that will lead you to success.

1. Focus On Self-Branding As A Freelance Graphic Designer

Branding yourself and your business is one of the most important aspects of freelancing because an appealing brand will attract potential clients. Creating and growing a strong website will lead you to the jobs you want.

As a graphic designer, you have a leg up on the competition. Use your skills to create a website that showcases your beautiful design work while being user friendly. Showcase a few diverse examples of your best work, your contact information, and some information about yourself. This way, your customers can get to know you and your artistry.

Adding some touches like personal logos or icons is also a good idea. Try to make your site look as professional and eye-catching as possible.

2. Smooth Transactions

As a freelancer, you will have to work with a wide range of clients, some good and some bad. It is important to ensure that you are getting paid on time, receiving a fair price, and delivering what the client is looking for.

Draw up a couple contracts to have on hand. You can outline payment terms, payment stages, deadlines, and a plan of the work you will be creating for them. Having clear payment stages allows you to receive payment at a fair and consistent time. As well, a rough plan for designs will ensure that the client is happy with the final product. Asking specific questions and showing potential ideas up-front will be a lot quicker in the long run. The last thing you want is polishing a product that the client is going to ask you to redo.

When working with clients remotely and lines of communication may not be readily available, a cohesive contract with deadlines for both you and the clients is essential.

3. Have Multiple Income Streams 

Having multiple income streams as a freelance graphic designer is a wise idea, as freelance work is more unpredictable than your typical 9-5. A freelance graphic designer might be slammed for several months and then struggle to find gigs. 

A good way to insure steady income is creating templates for purchase. As a graphic designer, you know what works, and you can create quick and easy templates that other designers or clients can utilize. Templates could be anything from infographics, brochures, business cards, and so on. 

Creating logos for businesses is also a great revenue stream to tap into. It can be fun and engaging, check out our article on how to design the perfect logo.

4. Create Strong Connections With Your First Clients

The outcome of your design and your client’s response is the most important aspect of the exchange. When you are first starting out as a freelance graphic designer, devote extra time and attention to your first clients. Creating a strong connection and delivering a good result will lead to repeat design work. The goal is to have them come back to you for the next time they need a graphic designer. 

As well, if a client is impressed with your work and business skills, they may refer you to their friends or other companies. If your first client has a good experience, not only only would they most likely come back to you, but they may bring five more gigs with them. Word of mouth, especially early on in your career, is extremely valuable. 

5. Spread The Word

Now that you’ve got a website, contracts, multiple income streams, and connections, it is time to find more clients. Bringing traffic to your site through SEO (search engine optimization) is a good place to start. SEO will make your website garner higher standings in the search engine results. You can add keywords for graphic design on the “about” page of your website to improve your SEO.

As well, with social media rapidly growing in popularity, sharing your business and work on Instagram, TikTok, and Pinterest is a great way for people to discover you. You can create a captivating Instagram account, make TikTok videos about your work, and share your designs on Pinterest. Many successful freelance graphic designers spread their work across various platforms to increase the likelihood of somebody discovering your page.

Networking is also a good way to reach clients. You can reach out to other designers, clients, or people on social media. Getting to know people in the industry is always advantageous. 

6. Work Hard And Never Give Up!

Freelancing can be tiring and frustrating, but if you are a passionate, hard-working graphic designer, there’s no reason you can’t do it. If becoming a graphic designer is your dream, make sure you are constantly improving and innovating your work. By always keeping your work fresh and exciting, you will continually attract more clients and jobs.

Your personal success is not far away. Work hard everyday, nurture your creativity, and grow your business to find success. It won’t happen overnight, but by following some of these tips will help you become a successful freelance graphic designer. 

 

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Ready to be a film director? Focus on these key skills to develop your craft and become the next great film director.

By Felicity Flesher

How Do You Become A Film Director?

To be a film director, you must be ready to undertake many responsibilities. The director is in charge of bringing a story to life. They make decisions on costumes, sets, scripts and casting that will shape the project from pre-production to post-production. Are ready to tell imaginative stories, foster a hardworking, positive work environment, and communicate efficiently with your team? Continue reading on how to be a film director in 6 steps.

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